1. This is a collaboration between Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital and Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE), Fu Jen Catholic University.

2. The integration of deep learning into image processing and interpretation is becoming increasingly prevalent in clinical practice. In our pilot study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of a deep learning model alongside corresponding axial- and coronal-section models, a comparison that has been less explored in prior research. Our findings suggest that our deep learning model for TKV measurement performs comparably to medical professionals. However, we observed that varying image orientations could introduce measurement bias. Specifically, our AI model exhibited superior performance with axial-section images compared to coronal-section images.

Keywords：autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD); total kidney volume (TKV); deep learning; artificial intelligence (AI)